Electronics Workmanship Standards: IPC-A-610
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IPC-A-610 (current revision H) is the industry standard for the acceptability of electronic assemblies, and it defines three quality classes: Class 1 (general consumer), Class 2 (dedicated service), and Class 3 (high-reliability, e.g. medical or aerospace). Chinese contract manufacturers default to Class 2 unless you specify otherwise, and the difference shows up in things like BGA void limits and acceptable solder fillet geometry. Stating the class in your PO is the single most effective way to control workmanship.
When you order a PCBA, name the IPC-A-610 class explicitly in the PO — a factory building to Class 2 by default will not meet Class 3 void and fillet criteria, and disputes over 'acceptable' defects usually trace back to an unstated class.
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FAQ
Which IPC-A-610 class do I need?
Class 1 for low-cost consumer goods, Class 2 for most commercial products, Class 3 for life-critical or high-reliability electronics. Class 3 costs more because of tighter rework and inspection limits, so don't over-specify.
How do I make a factory build to a specific class?
Write the IPC-A-610 revision and class into the purchase order and inspection agreement. Without it, the factory applies its own default (usually Class 2) and you have no contractual basis to reject borderline workmanship.
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