Gerber Files for PCB Manufacturing in China
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Gerber files are the fabrication data a Chinese PCB factory uses to image copper, solder mask, and silkscreen. The current standard is extended RS-274X, paired with Excellon drill files, though many fabs now accept the single-file ODB++ or IPC-2581 formats that bundle stackup and netlist data. The classic mistake is sending legacy RS-274D Gerbers without aperture data, which forces the fab to guess and can scrap a batch.
When you hand Gerbers to a factory, the data must specify board parameters — layer count, copper weight, controlled impedance, finish — unambiguously, because the fab builds exactly what the files say. Sending ODB++ or IPC-2581 instead of bare Gerber+Excellon reduces the chance of a misread stackup or drill table.
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FAQ
What file format do Chinese PCB factories want?
Extended RS-274X Gerber plus an Excellon drill file is universally accepted. ODB++ or IPC-2581 are preferred when available because they carry stackup, netlist, and drill data in one package and reduce miscommunication.
What goes wrong with Gerber files most often?
Missing drill files, legacy RS-274D without apertures, and unspecified stackup or impedance are the frequent errors. Run the fab's DFM check and confirm board parameters before approving production.
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