Elektronikai referencia wiki

76–81 GHz FMCW radar modules for ADAS sourced from China: TI AWR/NXP TEF810x chipsets, AEC-Q100 verification, Chinese OEMs, and FCC/ETSI compliance.

USCAR-2 automotive connectors sourced from China: Deutsch DT/DTM, TE AMP Superseal, Molex MX150, LV-214 specs, fake connector detection, and PPAP.

Automotive TFT/IPS/AMOLED display modules from China: −40°C to 85°C range, CISPR 25 compliance, MIPI DSI/LVDS interfaces, and Chinese OEM panel suppliers.

BLE 5.x modules from China: nRF52840 vs nRF52832 vs EFR32BG22 compared, certified Chinese suppliers, version differences, and FCC/CE grant verification.

Board-to-board connectors from China: mezzanine/stacking/coplanar, 0.4–1.27mm pitch, high-speed BTB for USB 3.x/PCIe/MIPI, Chinese vs OEM originals.

CAN bus modules from China: ISO 11898, CAN FD at 5 Mbps, AEC-Q100 transceivers, OBD-II gateway boards, PCB layout rules, and supplier verification.

D-Sub connectors sourced from China: DB9, DB15, DB25, HD-15 shell sizes, contact types, EMC backshell options, and quality issues in Chinese production.

DC barrel connectors from China: 5.5/2.1mm and 5.5/2.5mm standards, current ratings, locking variants, PCB vs panel mount, and polarity conventions.

ESP32 module families compared for China sourcing: ESP32 vs S3 vs C3 vs H2, WROOM vs WROVER, certified suppliers, and clone module failure modes to avoid.

EV onboard charger modules from China: 3.3–22kW AC/DC, bidirectional V2G OBC, UL 2202/IEC 62477 compliance, and Chinese OEM qualification risks.

FPC vs FFC connectors from China: 0.5–1.25mm pitch, ZIF vs LIF lock types, actuation cycle life, camera module connectors, and common failure modes.

GaN charger ICs for OEM manufacturing in China: Navitas, Innoscience, Power Integrations topologies, USB PD 3.1 EPR, BOM cost, and UL 62368-1 compliance.

HDMI and DisplayPort connectors from China: HDMI licensing, version bandwidth, royalty-free DP advantage, impedance specs, and high-speed failure modes.

XT30/XT60/XT90, Anderson Powerpole, and EC3/EC5/EC8 battery connectors from China: current ratings, contact resistance specs, Amass vs clone detection.

Industrial Ethernet switches from China: managed vs unmanaged, DIN rail, IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1588v2 PTP, EMC immunity levels, and evaluating Chinese vendors.

JST PH, XH, GH, and SH connectors from China: pitch and current ratings, genuine vs clone tolerances, wire gauge compatibility, and failure modes.

LiDAR modules from Chinese manufacturers: Hesai, Livox, Robosense specs, 905nm vs 1550nm, ToF vs FMCW, export control risks, and ROS integration.

LiPo and Li-ion cells from China: energy density, C-rate, cycle life, Chinese manufacturers, Grade A vs B distinction, and UN 38.3 transport compliance.

Lithium BMS sourced from China: cell balancing topologies, protection parameters, TI and Chinese ICs, IEC 62133 testing, and UN 38.3 transport compliance.

LoRa and LoRaWAN modules from China: SX1276 vs SX1262 chipsets, regional frequency bands, FCC/CE/TELEC certification requirements, and supplier evaluation.

M12 connectors from China: A–X/T coding variants, IP67/IP68/IP69K ratings, Ethernet D/X-coding, locking types, and IP rating validation on Chinese parts.

M8, M16, and M23 circular connectors from China: IEC 61076-2-104 specs, servo motor and encoder wiring, contact resistance, and counterfeit detection.

MIPI CSI-2 and DSI FPC connectors from China: pin counts, ZIF types, lane configs, signal integrity limits, and non-standard Chinese pinout risks.

OBD-II modules from China: ELM327 clones vs genuine, J2534 pass-thru, ISO 15765/J1850/KWP2000 protocol stacks, Bluetooth/WiFi variants, and fake detection.

Pin headers and Dupont connectors from China: 2.54/2.0/1.27mm pitch, brass vs gold plating, current ratings, through-hole vs SMD, SIL/DIL types.

Pressure sensors from China: MEMS piezoresistive vs capacitive, key specs, Chinese and international manufacturers, IP ratings, and IEC 61298 accuracy.

RF connectors from China: SMA, RP-SMA, MMCX, U.FL/IPEX, BNC, and N-type — VSWR limits, gold plating requirements, frequency ranges, and polarity mistakes.

RJ45 connectors from China: Cat5e/Cat6/Cat6A jack specs, integrated magnetics quality, PoE contact ratings, industrial IP67 variants, and failure modes.

SAE J1939 modules and CAN-to-MQTT gateways from China: PGN/SPN structure, 250/500 kbps variants, 29-bit frame format, connector pinout, and vendor vetting.

SD and microSD connectors from China: push-push vs push-pull actuation, mating cycle life, SIM/SD combo types, SMD footprint, and failure modes.

DIN rail terminal blocks from China: screw, cage clamp, and spring clamp types, IEC 60947-7-1 and UL 508 compliance, pitch variants, and how to verify.

A Tuya hajtja a legtöbb white-label kínai okosotthon-eszközt: OEM alkalmazásmodell, arab nyelvi támogatás, Alexa/Google, felhőrégió-kompromisszumok.

USB-A, Micro-B and Mini-B connectors from China: mating cycles, counterfeit USB 3.0 detection, Micro-B retention force testing, and key Chinese suppliers.

USB-C connectors from China: receptacle types, USB4 pinouts, PD 3.1 EPR 240W ratings, gold plating thickness, counterfeit detection, and PCB retention.

GX12/GX16/GX20 and SP21 circular connectors from China: IP67/IP68 ratings, current ratings, thread-lock vs bayonet, and clone quality risks vs branded.

Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E modules from China: Qualcomm QCN9074, MediaTek MT7921, ESP32-C5 for IoT, TWT power savings, and FCC/CE 6 GHz certification complexity.

Zigbee modules from China: CC2652R vs EFR32MG24, Matter over Thread certification, TLSR8258 Tuya compatibility, CSA Zigbee 3.0 costs and interoperability.

CE marking for electronics from China: RED, LVD, and EMC Directive scope, self-declaration process, technical file requirements, and Chinese lab options.

FCC certification for US-market electronics from China: Part 15 SDoC vs TCB, modular approval for ESP32 and nRF52, test costs, timelines, and lab options.

IATF 16949:2016 for automotive buyers: scope limits, PPAP Levels 1–5, verifying Chinese factory certificates, and what factory audits actually cost.

Az IEC 60335 a háztartási elektromos készülékek biztonsági szabványa: mit fed le, miben tér el az IEC 62368-tól, és szerepe a szaúdi SASO-ban.

IEC 62133-2:2017 lithium battery safety certification: CB Scheme, test scope, accredited Chinese labs, costs, and pack-level vs cell-level certification.

IPC-A-610H for electronics from China: Class 1/2/3 quality levels, BGA void limits, common SMT defect categories, and how to specify class in POs.

ISO 26262 for automotive electronics from China: ASIL A–D levels, HARA, PMHF/SPFM metrics, certification costs, and evaluating Chinese supplier claims.

Matter smart home certification for China-sourced devices: CSA process, costs, DAC/PAI/CD components, and engineering decisions that affect your timeline.

REACH SVHC compliance for electronics from China: Article 33 obligations, SCIP database registration, valid supplier declarations, and chemical testing.

RoHS 2 compliance for electronics from China: 10 restricted substances, concentration limits, exemptions, valid supplier declarations, and testing options.

A SABER Szaúd-Arábia online megfelelőségi platformja: hogyan működik a PCoC és SCoC, ki regisztrál, és mit ad a kínai gyár a FASAH-on át.

A SASO 2902:2023 90 lm/W minimumot ír elő LED-világításra Szaúd-Arábiában, 2025-06-01-től kötelező. Mit fed le, és hogyan ellenőrizhető.

A SASO Szaúd-Arábia szabványügyi hatósága. Elektronikára: IEC 60335/62368 biztonság, SASO 2902 hatékonyság, Type G dugók, 220V/60Hz.

TELEC/MIC type approval for electronics from China sold in Japan: Radio Law scope, ARIB standards, module-level approval paths, costs, and bodies.

A Type G (BS 1363) dugó kötelező Szaúd-Arábiában és az Egyesült Királyságban. Lábkiosztás, a 13A biztosíték, 220V/60Hz, és mit kell megadni.

UKCA marking for Great Britain electronics: post-Brexit CE phase-out, UK Approved Bodies, RER 2017, and practical compliance steps for Chinese exporters.

Az UL egy amerikai biztonsági tanúsítás (NRTL-jelölés). UL Listed vs Recognized, akkumulátorok és töltők szabványai, valamint UL kontra ETL/CSA.

UN 38.3 for lithium batteries shipped by air from China: 8 mandatory tests, report ownership, accredited Chinese labs, costs, and documentation failures.

AQL sampling plans per ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 for electronics inspection from China: lot-to-sample size tables, defect classification, and pass/fail interpretation.

BOM management for China-sourced electronics: required columns, MPN vs generic specs, lifecycle status, AVL strategy, Chinese distributor verification.

Conformal coating for China-manufactured PCBAs: material selection, application methods, thickness specs, and IPC-CC-830B quality inspection criteria.

PCB DFM rules for China manufacturing: trace spacing, via sizing, component clearances, stencil aperture ratios, fiducials, and test point layout.

ESD protection for China-sourced electronics: HBM/CDM models, TVS diode selection, PCB layout rules, IEC 61000-4-2 compliance, and ESD-safe factory specs.

PCB fabrication data for Chinese factories: RS-274X Gerber format, Excellon drill files, ODB++, IPC-2581, and correct board parameter specification.

PCB laminate materials for China sourcing: FR4, Rogers 4003C/4350B, PTFE, MCPCB, and polyimide compared by dielectric properties and cost multipliers.

Reflow soldering profiles for China PCB assembly: SAC305 lead-free and Sn63Pb37 leaded zone temperatures, ramp rates, and J-STD-020 moisture sensitivity.

SMT assembly for China-sourced PCBAs: solder paste printing, pick-and-place, reflow, and inspection stages — essential before auditing a Chinese factory.

X-ray inspection for PCBAs from China: BGA void analysis per IPC-7095C, 2D vs 3D AXI, equipment types, sampling strategy, and specifying requirements.